Egress window wells and ladders
The well is what makes a below-grade escape window usable. Here's what Minnesota's code expects and what to ask about.
A window well holds the soil back from a below-grade window and gives someone a place to stand and climb out. A well that's too small, too shallow or full of water or snow can make even a perfect window useless in an emergency.
What size does the code require?
The Minnesota Residential Code, as summarized by DLI, asks for at least 9 square feet of horizontal area, with the well reaching at least 36 inches out from the wall and 36 inches wide. It also has to let the window swing or slide fully open. A ladder or steps may stick into those dimensions by up to 6 inches.
When do I need a ladder?
When the well is more than 44 inches deep. The ladder or steps must be permanently attached, have at least 12 inches of inside width, stand out at least 3 inches from the wall, and have rungs no more than 18 inches apart for the full height. Many manufactured wells have steps molded in.
Common well materials
- Corrugated galvanized steel, the familiar metal well
- Molded plastic or composite, often with built-in steps
- Stacked stone or landscape block, for a terraced look
- Poured or precast concrete, where a heavier wall makes sense
How does the well drain?
The code says the well has to connect to the foundation drain system or another approved method, though well-drained sandy soils are exempt. The DNR describes much of the sand plain around St. Cloud as well-drained, but yards vary block to block, so ask the contractor what's under yours. Clean drain rock in the bottom and grading that slopes away from the house help either way.
Signs your well needs attention
- Water standing in the well after rain or snowmelt
- A rusted, bent or leaning well wall
- Soil washing in around the edges
- Damp walls or stains under the window inside
The contractor prices the job after seeing the wall, the yard and the room. We don't quote prices, and anything said over the phone before a site visit is only a ballpark.
Where we connect you with help
Common questions
Can I replace just the well and keep the window?
Often, yes, if the window already meets code. The contractor will check that the new well is big enough for it to open fully.
How far can a well be from my property line?
It depends on your lot. St. Cloud asks for a site plan showing the distance, and its Planning and Zoning office can tell you the setback.
Related services
- Basement egress window installation
- Cutting and enlarging openings
- Window well covers
- Basement bedroom code compliance
More background: St. Cloud egress window guide.
Turning a basement room into a real bedroom?
Call and a local egress contractor will look at the wall, the yard and the permit with you.